Listed below are the differences between a low voltage (12v) outdoor lighting system versus a line voltage (120v) outdoor lighting system.

Low voltage systems are more appropriate in residential settings.  Line voltage systems are better suited to large scale commercial and institutional applications.

12 volt low voltage lighting system

120 volt high voltage lighting system

Cable: 12-volt lighting cable is much more flexible when installing or relocating.  The cable is buried underground 6-8", and there is no need for any protective conduit.

Wire: 120-volt wire must be placed in a protective steel conduit sleeve and buried at least 18" underground.  120-volt wire is difficult to move once placed.

Low voltage lighting systems are designed for wetter locations (such as gardens) and operate safely when exposed to moisture.

120-volt fixtures and connectors must be absolutely waterproof.  There is a very high shock hazard potential with a 120-volt line when the wire is exposed to any moisture.  120-volt lines must also have a ground fault fuse.

Light bulbs (lamps) are smaller and allow fixtures to be smaller, less bulky and less obtrusive in the landscape.  12-volt lamps produce softer illumination yet produces sufficient brightness.

Light bulbs (lamps) are much larger and require larger fixtures to house them.  120-volt lamps tend to emit a harsh light, especially in regards to fluorescent lamps.

12-volt lamps are available in various wattages.  12-volt lamps also have the advantage of having different beam spreads that will add to more precise lighting effects.

120-volt lamps utilize higher watt lamps and one or two beam spreads; therefore 120-volt lamps produce an inappropriate casting of high light levels.  The lack of beam control creates glare problems.

12-volt lighting systems utilize a transformer and can be plugged into an existing outdoor receptacle.  There is no need for an electrical contractor.

A licensed and insured electrical contractor must always install 120-volt lighting systems.  Local permits may be required.

12-volt lighting systems cost less to operate.

120-volt lighting systems are more expensive to operate.